Vapor Reference Guide
Acetic Acid
Synonyms
Vinegar Acid, Ethannoic Acid, and Methanecarboxylic Acid
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by various routes. Severe eye and skin irritant. Can cause burns, lachrymation, and conjunctivitis.Human systemic effects by ingestion: changes in the esophagus, ulceration, bleeding from the small and large intestine and Mucous membrane irritant.Mutation data reported.
----------------------------------------------
Acetone
Synonyms
Dimethyl ketone, 2-propanone, pyroacetic ether
Safety Profile
Irritant to the eyes and mucous membranes. At very high concentrations it is a central nervous system depressant. Has been found to potentiate the toxicity of other solvents.
----------------------------------------------
Benzene
Synonyms
Benzol, cyclohexatriene
Safety Profile
Acute exposure can cause central nervous system depression. Chronic exposure results in depression of hematopoietic system and is associated with the incidence of leukemia and myeloma. Aplastic anemia, thrombocythemia, bone-marrow hyperplasia and lymphoid tumors are also associated with chronic exposure.
----------------------------------------------
Butyl Acetate
Synonyms
Butyl ethanoate, butyl ester
Safety Profile
Irritation of mucous membranes and the eyes. At high concentrations causes narcosis. Severe nose and throat irritation.
----------------------------------------------
Chloroform
Synonyms
Trichloromethane
Safety Profile
A central nervous system depressant and hepatotoxin. Renal and cardiac damage also may occur. Symptoms include progressive weakness, prolonged vomiting, delirium, coma, and death. Increased serum bilirubin, ketosis, lowered blood prothrombin, and fibrinogen are reported.
----------------------------------------------
Cidex OPA
Synonyms
Cidex OPA
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation, skin contact, and subcutaneous routes. Experimental tertogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A severe eye and human skin irritant. When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
----------------------------------------------
Cyclohexane
Synonyms
Hexahydrobenzene, benzene hexahydride, hexamethylene
Safety Profile
Irritating to the eyes and mucous membranes. Causes narcosis at high concentrations. May cause dizziness, nausea, and unconciousness. Defats the skin on repeated contact.
----------------------------------------------
Ethyl Acetate
Synonyms
Acetic ether, ethyl ester, ethyl ethanoate
Safety Profile
Causes respiratory tract irritation. Produces narcosis at very high concentrations. Nose and throat irritation. Inflammation of the mucous membranes and in eczematous eruptions.
----------------------------------------------
Ethyl Alcohol
Synonyms
Ethanol, algrain, anhydrol, ethyl hydrate, ethyl hydroxide
Safety Profile
Chronic exposure to vapor may result in irritation of eyes and mucous membranes, headache, and symptoms of central nervous system depression. Chronic pulmonary edema or congestion may result. Some fetotoxicity has been observed, as well as, liver tumors and degeneration.
----------------------------------------------
Ethylene Oxide
Synonyms
12/88, 100% ET0, Amprolene, Nproline, Dihydroaxirene, Dimethylene oxide, Epoxyethane, Ethene Oxide, Oxacyclopropane, Oxane, Oxidoethane, Oxidoethane, Oxirane, Oxyfume, T-Gas
Safety Profile
Confirmed human carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, tumorigenic and neoplastigenic date. Poison by ingestion, intraperitoneal, subcutaneous, intravenous, and possibly other routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: convulsions, nausea, vomiting, olfactory and pulmonary changes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. An irritant to mucous membranes of respiratory tract. High concentrations can cause pulmonary edema.
----------------------------------------------
Formaldehyde
Synonyms
Formalin 40, Formalith, Formic Aldehyde, Formol, Fyde, HOCH, Ivalon, Karsan, Lysoform, Methanal, Methylaldehyde Methylene Glycol, Formalin, Methylene Oxide, Morbocid, Oxymethene, Paraform, Polyoxmethylene Gylcols, Superlysoform
Safety Profile
Confirmed human carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, tumorigenic and teratogenic data. Human poison by ingestion. Experimental poison by ingestion, skin contact, inhalation, intravenous, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. Human systemic effects by inhalation: lacrimation, olfactory changes, aggression, and pulmonary changes. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Most common cause of occupational skin disease. An air concentration of 10ppm is quickly irritating to eyes. Between 10 ppm to 20 ppm it becomes difficult to take a normal breath. Repeated exposure to 2 ppm to 3 ppm may allow some tolerance to occur.
----------------------------------------------
Glutaraldehyde
Synonyms
Cidex, Procide, Sonacide, Wavacide, Omnicide, Glut, Glutaral
Safety Profile
Poison by ingestion, intravenous, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by inhalation, skin contact, and subcutaneous routes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A severe eye and human skin irritant. When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
----------------------------------------------
Halogenated Agents
Agents and Synonyms
Enflurane (Ethrane), Isoflurane (Forane), Desflurane (Suprane) Halothane (Fluothane), and Sevoflurane (Ultane)
Safety Profile
Exposure to Enflurane, Isoflurane and Desflurane can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, mouth, and throat. Overexposure can cause headaches, drowsiness, unconsciousness and death. Contact may irritate the skin, cause itching or scratching, drying or cracking. Enflurane and Isoflurane are potent respiratory depressants and can impair cardiac performance. Oral ingestion or inhalation of Halothane can cause systematic toxicity. Clinical signs include excitement initially followed later by unconsciousness and death from respiratory paralysis. Renal, cardiac and hepatoxicity have been reported.
----------------------------------------------
Hydrogen Peroxide
Synonyms
None
Safety Profile
Irritant to eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Severe systematic poisoning may cause headache, dizziness, vomiting, diarrhea, tremors, numbness, convulsions, pulmonary edema, unconscious and shock.
----------------------------------------------
Isopropyl Alcohol
Synonyms
Isopropanol, 2-Propanol, Diamethylcarbinol
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic to humans by unspecified route. Moderately toxic experimentally by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by skin contact. Human systemic effects by ingestion or inhalation: flushing. pulse rate decrease, blood pressure lowering, anesthesia, narcosis, headache, dizziness, mental depression, hallucinations, distorted perceptions, dyspnea, respiratory depression, nausea or vomiting, coma. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. An eye and skin irritant. Questionable carcinogen.
----------------------------------------------
Methyl Alcohol
Synonyms
Methanol, wood spirit, carbinol, wood alcohol, wood naptha, methylol
Safety Profile
Optic neuropathy, metabolic acidosis, and respiratory depression can result. Will cause lesions of the cornea dermatitis, erythema, and scaling. Gastrointestinal disturbances may cause convulsions. Specific developmental abnormalities in central nervous system and musculoskeletal system.
----------------------------------------------
Methyl Ethyl Ketone
Synonyms
2-Butanone, ethyl methyl ketone, methyl acetone, MEK
Safety Profile
Irritant to the eyes, mucous membranes, and skin. Can result in narcosis and bronchopneumonia. Incidence of minor skeletal variation and delay in ossification of fetal bones. May potentate substances known to cause neuropathy.
----------------------------------------------
Methyl Methacrylate
Synonyms
Diakon,Methyl-2-Methl-2-Propenoate, 2-Methyl-2-Propenoic Acid, and Methyl Ester
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by inhalation and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by ingestion. Human systemic effects by inhalation: sleep effects, excitement, anorexia, and blood pressure decrease. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A skin and eye irritant. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. A common air contaminant.
----------------------------------------------
Methylene Chloride
Synonyms
DCM, Dichloromethane, Freone 30, Methane Dichloride, Methylene Bichloride, Methylene Dichloride
Safety Profile
Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic and tumorigenic data. Poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic by ingestion, subcutaneous, and intraperitoneal routes. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by ingestion and inhalation: parathesia, somnolence, altered sleep time, convulsions, euphoria, and change in cardiac rate. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. An eye and severe skin irritant. Human mutation data reported. It is flammable in the range of 12-19% in air but ignition is difficult.
----------------------------------------------
Nitrous Oxide
Synonyms
N2O, Nitrous
Safety Profile
Current scientific evidence suggests that chronic exposure to low concentrations of anesthetic agents increase the risk of spontaneous abortion in female workers and congenial abnormalities in offspring of female workers and wives of male workers. Risks of hepatic and renal diseases are also increased among exposed personnel. Physiological functions may be impaired. A few studies suggest an increased risk of cancer. Effects on the central nervous system due to acute exposure of anesthetic gases have been associated with headaches, nausea, fatigue, and irritability.
----------------------------------------------
Perchloroethylene
Synonyms
Tetrachloroethylene, Perc
Safety Profile
Confirmed carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic, neoplastigenic, and teratogenic data. Experimental poison by intravenous route. Moderately toxic to humans by inhalation, with the following effects: local anesthetic, conjunctiva irritation, general anesthesia, hallucinations, distorted perceptions, coma and pulmonary changes. Moderately experimentally toxic by ingestion, inhalation, intraperitoneal, and subcutaneous routes. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. An eye and severe skin irritant. The liquid can cause injuries to the eyes; however, with proper precautions it can be handles safely. The symptoms of acute intoxication from this material are the result of its effects upon the nervous system. Can cause dermatitis, particularly after repeated or prolonged contact with the skin. Irritates gastrointestinal tract upon ingestion.
----------------------------------------------
Phenol
Synonyms
Benzenol ,Phenol Alcohol, Hydroxybenzene, Phenyl Hydroxide
Safety Profile
Experimental poison by ingestion, subcutaneous, intravenous, parenteral, and intraperitoneal routes. Moderately toxic by skin contact. Questionable carinogen with experimental carcinogenic and neoplastigenic data. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A severe eye and human skin irritant. When heated to decomposition, it emits acrid smoke and irritating fumes.
----------------------------------------------
Toluene
Synonyms
Methyl Benzene, Methacide, Toluol
Safety Profile
Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by intravenous, subcutaneous, and possibly other routes. Mildly toxic by inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation. CNS recording changes, hallucinations or distorted perceptions, motor activity changes, antipsychotic, psychophysical test changes and bone marrow changes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A human eye irritant An experimental skin and severe eye irritant At 200-500ppm, headache, nausea, eye irritation, loss of appetite, a bad taste, lassitude, impaimlent of coordination and reaction time are reported, but are not usually accompanied by any laboratory or physical finds of significance. With higher concentrations, the above complaints are increased and in addition, anemia, leukopenia and enlarged liver may be found in rare cases. A common air contaminant.
----------------------------------------------
Trichloroethylene
Synonyms
TCE, acetylene trichloride,, ethylene trichloride
Safety Profile
Primarily a central nervous depressant. Ventricular arrhythmias and death from cardiac arrest have occurred. Dizziness, light-headedness, lethargy, and impairment of visual motor response.
----------------------------------------------
Xylene
Synonyms
Xylol, Dimethylbenzene, Xylenen, Methyl Toluene, Xylole
Safety Profile
Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal and subcutaneous route. Mildly toxic by ingestion and inhalation. Human systemic effects by inhalation: olfactory changes, conjunctiva irritation and pulmonary changes. Experimental teratogenic and reproductive effects. Mutation data reported. A human eye irritant. An experimental skin and severe eye irritant. Some temporary corneal effects are noted, as well as some conjunctival irritation by instillation (adding drops to the eye one at a time). Irritation can start at 200ppm. A very dangerous fire hazard when exposed to heat or flame.